Baboons are primates comprising the genus Papio, one amongst the 23 genera of Old World monkeys. The common names of the 5 species of baboons are - hamadryas, the Guinea (also referred to as the western), the olive, the yellow, and chacma baboons. Each of them are native to at least one of 5 specific areas of Africa, while the hamadryas also residing in the Arabian peninsula. They are one of the largest largest non-hominoid primates. They're estimated to have existed for at least 2 million years.
Smallest baboon is the Guinea baboon- 50 cm (20 in) in length and weighs only 14 kg, the largest being , the chacma baboon, around 120 cm (47 in) in length and weighs 40 kg. They're known to exhibit sexual dimorphism in size, color and teeth structure.
Baboons are diurnal and terrestrial animals while some sleep in trees at night. They are located in savannas and woodlands in Africa. They are omnivorous: dependent on insects, fish, shellfish, hares, birds, vervet monkeys, and small antelopes. Their main predators include the crocodiles in the Nile river, large cats and hyenas. They mostly live in some hierarchical troops consisting of harems. The dominant relations are determined from the vocal exchanges. Generally mating can be between any male and female, mating order is decided among the males depends to some extent on their social ranking. Their lifespan in captivity is upto 45 years while in the wild it is around 30 years only.
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