Hummingbirds are birds which belong to the biological family Trochilidae and are native to North and South America. They are the smallest of birds as most the size of the species varies from 7.5–13 cm, that is, 3–5 inches in length. The smallest extant bird species is 5 cm or 2.0 inches in size and is known as bee hummingbird, which weighs less than even 2.0 g. They are called hummingbirds because of the humming sound that is generated by their beating wings, which flap at frequencies high enough to be audible to humans. They hover in mid-air at rapid rates of flapping their wings, which vary from about 12 beats per second in the largest species, to 80 excess in some of the smallest. Their top speeds exceed 15 m/s or 54 km/h (34 mph) out of those species that have been measured in wind tunnels. Apart from that, some species can even dive at speeds in excess of 22 m/s or 79 km/h (49 mph). Hummingbirds, out of all the homeothermic animals, have the highest mass-specific metabolic rate. To conserve energy in scarcity of food, and nightly when not foraging, they can go into a state similar to hibernation called torpor, slowing their metabolic rate to 1/15th of its normal rate.
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