Penguins are a set of aquatic flightless birds. They stay almost solely in the southern hemisphere, with handiest one species, the galapagos penguin, found north of the equator. Highly adapted for life within the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming. Maximum penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and different types of sea lifestyles which they trap at the same time as swimming underwater. They spend roughly 1/2 of their lives on land and the alternative half in the sea. Despite the fact that almost all penguin species are native to the southern hemisphere, they're not determined most effective in bloodless climates, consisting of antarctica. In truth, only some species of penguin live thus far south.
Several species are observed in the temperate quarter, but one species, the galapagos penguin, lives near the equator. The biggest dwelling species is the emperor penguin (aptenodytes forsteri):on average, adults are about 1. 1 m (three toes 7 in) tall and weigh 35 kg (77 lb). The smallest penguin species is the little blue penguin (eudyptula minor), also known as the fairy penguin, which stands round 33 cm (13 in) tall and weighs 1 kg (2. 2 lb). Amongst extant penguins, larger penguins inhabit less warm regions, whilst smaller penguins are normally determined in temperate or maybe tropical climates. Some prehistoric species attained vast sizes, becoming as tall or as heavy as an adult human. These have been not restrained to antarctic regions; on the opposite, subantarctic areas harboured excessive diversity, and as a minimum one large penguin came about in a region round 2,000 km south of the equator 35 mya, in a climate decidedly warmer than nowadays.
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